Three theory of truth

Three theory of truth in western perspective

In Western philosophy, three main theories of truth—correspondence, coherence, and pragmatism—are widely discussed. Here’s an overview with examples for each:

1. Correspondence Theory of Truth

Explanation: In the correspondence theory, truth is understood as a relationship between statements (or beliefs) and objective reality. A statement is true if it accurately describes or matches with a fact in the world.

Example: The statement "Water boils at 100°C at sea level" is true because it corresponds to the physical fact that, under standard conditions, water does indeed boil at this temperature. This fact exists independently of whether anyone believes it to be true, and it can be verified through observation.

2. Coherence Theory of Truth

Explanation: The coherence theory suggests that truth is determined by the consistency of a belief or statement with a set of other beliefs or statements. For a statement to be true, it must fit coherently within an established framework or system of beliefs.

Example: In a legal context, a coherent set of evidence and testimonies might establish the truth of a particular account of events. If each piece of evidence supports the others without contradiction, then the overall account is considered true within that framework. Similarly, in mathematics, a theorem is true if it coheres with established axioms and other theorems.

3. Pragmatic Theory of Truth

Explanation: The pragmatic theory defines truth by its practical effects or usefulness. A statement is true if it produces successful or satisfactory results when applied in practice, or if it helps us navigate reality effectively.

Example: The scientific theory "Vaccines prevent certain diseases" is considered true because it produces positive outcomes in reducing disease rates and saving lives. From a pragmatic standpoint, the success and reliability of vaccination in practical application reinforce its truth. If this theory ceased to produce the expected results, its truth could be re-evaluated.

Each of these theories emphasizes a different dimension of truth: correspondence with reality, coherence within systems of thought, and practical utility in application. While Western philosophy often debates these theories separately, some thinkers argue that they can complement each other in understanding truth more comprehensively.